COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE INC

DIGITAL LOGIC LEVEL

Sensor - is a device, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor. A sensor is always used with other electronics, whether as simple as a light or as complex as a computer.

Media Processor - mostly used as an image / video processor, is a microprocessor-based system-on-a-chip which is designed to deal with digital streaming data in real-time (e.g. display refresh) rates. These devices can also be considered a class of digital signal processor (DSPs).

Bluegene - is an IBM project aimed at designing supercomputers that can reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS) range, with low power consumption.

Flash - (of a light or something that reflects light) shine in a bright but brief, sudden, or intermittent way. 

Static Ram - Static random-access memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory that uses bistable latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM exhibits data remanence, but it is still volatile in the conventional sense that data is eventually lost when the memory is not powered.

Dynamic Ram - Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of random-acess memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit.

Mobile Computing -  is human-computer interaction by which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage, which allows for transmission of data, voice and video.

Cache - is a hardware or software component that stores data so future requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of an earlier computation, or the duplicate of data stored elsewhere.

Branch Prediction - In computer architecture, a branch predictor is a digital circuit that tries to guess which way a branch(e.g. an if-then-else structure) will go before this is known definitively. The purpose of the branch predictor is to improve the flow in the instruction pipeline.

MICOARCHITECTURE LEVEL

Interpreter - is a computer program that directly executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without requiring them previously to have been compiled into a machine language program.

Adder - is a digital circuit that performs additionof numbers. In many computers and other kinds of processors adders are used in the arithmetic logic units or ALU.

Data Path -  is a collection of functional units such as arithmetic logic units or multipliers, that perform dataprocessing operations, registers, and buses. Along with the control unit it composes the central processing unit (CPU).

Precise Interrupt - that leaves the machine in a well-defined state is called a precise interrupt. Such an interrupt has four properties: The Program Counter (PC) is saved in a known place. All instructions before the one pointed to by the PC have fully executed.

Speculative Executions - an optimization technique where a computer system performs some task that may not be actually needed.

ISA LEVEL

Flow Chart Control - is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows.

Output - is computer hardware that uses received data and commands from a computer in order to perform a task. This leads to the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.

Input -  is a piece of computer hardware equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance.

ARM - architects the pervasive intelligence. Arm-based chips and device architectures orchestrate the performance of the technology.

Microcontroler - contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a small amount of RAM.

Trap Handler - In computing and operating systems, a trap, also known as an exception or a fault, is typically a type of synchronous interrupt typically caused by an exceptional condition (e.g., breakpoint, division by zero, invalid memory acess). A trap usually results in a switch to kernel mode, wherein the operating system performs some action before returning control to the originating process. A trap in a system process is more serious than a trap in a user process, and in some systems is fatal. In some usages, the term trap refers specifically to an interrupt intended to initiate a context switch to a monitor program or debugger.

OPERATING SYSTEM MACHINE LEVEL

Parallel processing - is a technique duplicating function units to operate different tasks (signals) simultaneously. 

Virtualization - refers to the act of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, including virtual computer hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.

Race - a concept used in the categorization of humans into groups, called races or racial groups, based on combinations of shared physical traits, ancestry, genetics, and social or cultural traits.

Touch Screen -   is an input and output device normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system. A user can give input or control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus or one or more fingers.

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE LEVEL

Assembler - assembler Language or assembly language, the closest translation to machine code so humans may work on more comfortably

High-Level Language - is a programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languagesand further from machine languages.

Low-Level Language - programming language is a programminglanguage that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture—commands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions. Generally this refers to either machine code or assembly language.

Source: Wikipedia